Using Makaton to support communication in early years settings

What is Makaton? 

Makaton is a language programme that combines signs, symbols and speech to support children’s communication. Makaton can be used to support understanding of the spoken word, it can encourage communication and early language development in both comprehension and expressive language, and it also supports development of memory, motor, copying and attention/concentration skills. Finally, it can remove the frustration and inappropriately placed behaviours that are evidenced when communication breaks down. 

Practical ways to use Makaton in early years settings 

Here are some simple and easy ways to incorporate Makaton into your setting. Some young children may find photos alongside words and/or symbols beneficial.  

Daily routines 

• Add symbols and a sign to everyday routines, such as arrival, snack, toileting, hand washing and home time. 
• Create a simple laminated toilet routine strip with symbols: pants down; use toilet; wipe; pants up; flush; wash hands. 
• Use a Now/Next board with symbols for transitions and to prepare children for what happens next. 

Activity areas 

• Water tray: pair single-word signs (‘boat’, ‘fish’, ‘pour’, ‘more’, ‘wet’) with objects and model 1–2 word phrases for children using single words and short phrases for children beginning to combine words. 
• Story time: use symbol-supported story resources (for example Handa’s Surprise or Rosie’s Walk) to link pictures, symbols and key signs as you read. 
• Singing and routines: include a ‘sign of the week’ in circle time to build familiarity. 

Teaching language and concepts 

• Use visual weather charts and days-of-the-week symbols to teach time and choice. 
• Teach prepositions and simple maths language through games and daily play (e.g. ‘in’, ‘on’, counting objects with symbol prompts). 
• Create family-tree symbol activities to support social understanding. 

Top tips  

• Start small: pick a few high-frequency signs and symbols that match your setting’s routines. 
• Use free resources: download resources from the Makaton library and ready-made symbol packs for toileting, weather, stories and play. 
• Make learning multi-modal: combine gesture, symbol, picture and spoken word by using laminated symbols, communication books, chat mats or switch/touch buttons.  

Makaton makes language visible and accessible, and it can be utilised to create an inclusive learning environment where children with Down syndrome can thrive. Start by introducing a few signs in daily routines, use symbol-supported stories and try a Now/Next board to provide clarity at transitions. 

For even more practical ways to use Makaton in your setting, sign up to our Makaton for Nursery Settings course. You will learn 40 signs and get access to handouts so you can put it into practice right away.  

DSUK in collaboration with IT Matters.